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Vitis vinifera Riesling - Grape Vine

Vitis vinifera Riesling
Common Grape Vine, European Grape, Wine Grape

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More information

A noble grape variety originating from the Rhine, famous for its fruity-floral aroma and acidity that give dry white wines or sparkling wines their refreshing characteristics. Its clusters of green and then golden yellow grapes are harvested late, at the end of October, depending on the climate and the years. The 'Riesling' vine is vigorous, very resistant to cold, but it does need a long and hot summer. Well adapted to continental climates, it is quite sensitive to fungal diseases. This is a wine grape and not a table grape.
Flavour
Sour
Height at maturity
5 m
Spread at maturity
2 m
Exposure
Sun
Self-fertilising
Best planting time October to November
Recommended planting time January to April, September to December
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Flowering time May
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Harvest time October
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Description

The 'Riesling' vine is a noble grape variety originating from the Rhine, famous for its fruity-floral aroma and acidity that give dry white wines or sparkling wines their refreshing characteristics. Its clusters of golden grapes are harvested late, in late October, depending on the climate and the year. This vine is quite vigorous, productive, very resistant to cold, but it does need a long, hot summer for fruit ripening. Well adapted to continental climates, it is quite sensitive to fungal diseases. This is a wine grape, not a table grape.

The wine grape (Vitis vinifera) grew wild over 5000 years ago. Its introduction to France for cultivation was done by the Romans. Many hybrids were created to vary colours, flavours, and uses. The Riesling vine is a very ancient variety cultivated for centuries in Germany and eastern France, particularly in Alsace and Moselle. These regions have produced exceptional wines. Indeed, Riesling is a terroir wine, whose personality is intimately linked to the climate, exposure, and nature of the soil. One of Riesling's parents is believed to be 'Gouais Blanc', while the other is believed to be a vine resulting from the cross-breeding between a wild vine and 'Traminer'. This vine requires long pruning and must be trellised. It is susceptible to powdery mildew, anthracnose, grape worms, and especially grey rot.

A sarmentous climbing shrub of medium vigour, the 'Riesling' vine can easily reach 4-5m (13-16ft) in height or spread if not pruned. Its final shape will depend on the pruning performed. The Riesling vine is a frugal sun-loving plant, not very demanding, which even prefers a soil that is both clayey and rocky, with a tendency towards limestone, but can be sensitive to prolonged drought. Its long stems attach themselves to their support (trellis, espalier) through large green and voluble tendrils. Its foliage, with a serrated edge, is a deep green in summer and turns a beautiful gold in autumn. Its flowering occurs in May-June depending on the year and region, offering very small greenish flowers gathered in short and compact pyramidal and cylindrical clusters. Its small round grapes, slightly flattened, have a fairly thin and firm skin that is white-green to golden yellow, sprinkled with brown-red spots at full ripeness, in late October. Their pulp is not very juicy or firm, slightly sweet, with a distinctive and quite pronounced flavour, pleasant but slightly bitter and tart. 'Riesling' is well suited for sweet wines such as Late Harvest and Selection of Noble Grains. It produces a high-quality dry white wine, elegant, very aromatic, with a characteristic bouquet, which ages well and can be stored for a long time.

Riesling grapes are primarily consumed after vinification. They can also be used for ornamentation in a pergola or trained against a sunny wall.

Vitis vinifera Riesling - Grape Vine in pictures

Vitis vinifera Riesling - Grape Vine (Foliage) Foliage
Vitis vinifera Riesling - Grape Vine (Harvest) Harvest

Plant habit

Height at maturity 5 m
Spread at maturity 2 m
Growth rate normal

Fruit

Fruit colour yellow
Fruit diameter 1 cm
Flavour Sour
Use Alcohol
Harvest time October

Flowering

Flower colour green
Flowering time May
Inflorescence Cluster
Bee-friendly Attracts pollinators

Foliage

Foliage persistence Deciduous
Foliage colour green

Botanical data

Genus

Vitis

Species

vinifera

Cultivar

Riesling

Family

Vitaceae

Other common names

Common Grape Vine, European Grape, Wine Grape

Origin

Cultivar or hybrid

Product reference864531

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Planting and care

Since the ravages of phylloxera in the late 19th century, the vine is obligatorily grafted onto different resistant rootstocks to this disease and adapted to different types of soil. These rootstocks come from American varieties, naturally resistant against this formidable parasite itself of American origin. Plant the 'Riesling' vine in autumn, in a deep, well-drained soil, even stony, clayey and limestone, in a well-sunlit exposure, sheltered from strong winds. Incorporate into the planting soil 3 or 4 handfuls of fertiliser for fruit trees and 2 kg of composted manure for each plant. The roots should not be in contact with the manure. After planting, prune above 2 large buds (buds) to obtain the growth of two branches. Keep the most vigorous one, and tie it to a stake. This will be followed by training pruning. The 'Riesling' vine is sensitive to excessively dry climates, it is comfortable in a continental and contrasted climate (like eastern France). Susceptible to cryptogamic diseases, it will require regular treatments, especially in our rainy regions.

The vine does not require regular fertiliser input for good yields, quite the opposite. Enrich the soil with potash slag, crushed horn or iron chelate, only every 2-3 years.

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Planting period

Best planting time October to November
Recommended planting time January to April, September to December

Intended location

Suitable for Meadow, Rockery
Type of use Container, Climbing, Orchard
Hardiness Hardy down to -15°C (USDA zone 7b) Show map
Ease of cultivation Amateur
Planting density 1 per m2
Exposure Sun
Soil pH Neutral, Calcareous
Soil type Chalky (poor, alkaline and well-drained), Clayey-chalky (heavy and alkaline), Silty-loamy (rich and light), Stony (poor and well-drained), draining, porous.

Care

Pruning instructions Training size: the vertical cord is the simplest, to cover a facade or a high wall. Keep a vertical leader on which spaced secondary branches will be inserted every 20 cm (8in). Extend the cord by a height of 50 to 60 cm (20 to 24in) each year. To obtain a bilateral cord (with two arms), select two opposite buds that will be individually trained into a cord. Fruit-bearing size: the vine blooms on the shoots of the year, carried by the branches of the previous year. For abundant fruiting, it is necessary to renew the stems every year. A green pruning is recommended in May-June, in the form of bud removal.
Pruning Pruning recommended once a year
Pruning time February to March, May to June
Soil moisture Dry
Disease resistance Poor
Overwinter Can be left in the ground

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