Anthurium - Flamingo Flower: How to Grow and Care for

Botany and Description

The Anthurium belongs to the large family of Araceae, which includes many tropical plants with decorative foliage and original flowers. The genus name Anthurium originates from ancient Greek, combining the words anthos meaning “flower” and oura meaning “tail”, a direct reference to the characteristic shape of its inflorescences, where the elongated spadix resembles a tail surrounded by a coloured spathe. In English, this houseplant is often called Flamingo Flower or Flamingo Lily, evocative names that well translate the brilliance of its vivid colours and exotic appearance. It is less commonly referred to in literature as “anthure.”

In its natural habitat, the Anthurium thrives in the humid tropical forests of Central and South America, notably in Colombia and Ecuador. It grows sheltered under large trees, benefiting from dappled light and constant humidity. This adaptation to shaded and moist conditions explains why the Anthurium has become such a popular indoor plant. Its glossy foliage and spectacular inflorescences bring a touch of exoticism and lasting colour to our interiors, while requiring relatively low maintenance. Its natural elegance and ability to flower all year round make it a true must-have for decorative plant enthusiasts.

Good to know: the Anthurium is known for its air-purifying properties, capable of absorbing harmful substances like ammonia, xylene, and formaldehyde present in indoor air.

A vast botanical genus and interesting varieties

Among the many species of Anthurium – there are over 1,000 in the wild – some stand out particularly for their popularity and ease of cultivation indoors. The Anthurium andraeanum is undoubtedly the most emblematic. Native to Colombia and Ecuador, it charms with its glossy spathe, often bright red, pink, or white, which surrounds a yellow or cream spadice. This species has inspired numerous decorative cultivars.

Another highly appreciated species, the Anthurium scherzerianum is distinguished by its spiralled spadice, a characteristic that gives it a unique charm. Its spathes are generally red, but varieties in orange or white shades are also available.

For enthusiasts of more graphic foliage, the Anthurium clarinervium and the Anthurium crystallinum are must-have species. They are prized for their large, heart-shaped leaves, deep green with prominently marked white veins, offering a dramatic contrast.

On the left, flowering of Anthurium andraeanum and foliage of Anthurium clarinervium. On the right, Anthurium scherzerianum

The numerous cultivars resulting from cross-breeding between species allow us today to enjoy a wide range of colours and shapes. Among the most popular are the varieties from the ‘Champion’ series, known for their glossy spathes in shades of red, pink, or white, or the ‘Dakota’ series, which offers darker tones, ranging from deep burgundy to purple. Varieties like ‘Livium’ or ‘Sierra’ offer softer shades, in pastel pink or cream white.

Anthurium flowers come in many colours, from white to purple

Description

The Anthurium has an elegant habit, often compact, but can spread more aerially depending on the species. Its short, robust stems bear leaves that rise or spread, giving the plant a both dense and graceful silhouette. Some species develop a more trailing habit, particularly among the epiphytic varieties that, in nature, cling to tree branches.

Its root system is both dense and vigorous. It consists of thick, fleshy roots that allow the plant to store water and nutrients, an essential asset for survival in the tropical forests where it often grows as an epiphyte or semi-epiphyte. Aerial roots also emerge at the base of the plant, seeking ambient humidity and contributing to anchorage and nutrient absorption.

The foliage of the Anthurium is one of its major assets. Its leaves are generally large, tough, and glossy, offering varied shapes depending on the species. In Anthurium andraeanum, they are often heart-shaped with a smooth, satiny surface. Species like Anthurium clarinervium or crystallinum reveal thicker, velvety leaves, deep green, enhanced by very marked white veins. This evergreen foliage gives the plant a decorative presence even outside the flowering period.

Anthurium crystallinum

The flowering of the Anthurium is as spectacular as it is long-lasting. Its false flower is actually a spathe, a large coloured bract that surrounds a long, cylindrical spadice, where the real small discreet flowers are located. The spathes come in a palette of vibrant colours: red, pink, white, green, purple, and even bicolor depending on the cultivars. The flowering can last several weeks, generally between 8 and 12 weeks, and the plant has the ability to reflower several times a year if the growing conditions are favourable.

Caution!! The sap of the Anthurium contains calcium oxalate crystals, microscopic crystals that can cause skin irritations or reactions in people with sensitive skin. When handling the plant, especially during repotting or pruning, it is advisable to wear gloves to avoid contact with the sap.

Cultivating Anthurium

Exposure

Anthurium enjoys bright, but indirect light. Direct sunlight can scorch its leaves, while insufficient light reduces its flowering. Position it near an east or west-facing window, shielded from direct sun rays.

The optimal temperature range for Anthurium is between 18 and 25°C.

Type of Pot

Use a pot with drainage holes to prevent stagnant water.

Type of Substrate

Anthurium prefers a light, airy, and well-draining substrate. An ideal mix would be: 1/3 tropical plant compost, 1/3 pine or coconut bark, and 1/3 perlite or sphagnum moss to maintain moisture without excess.

Repotting

Repot every 2 to 3 years, preferably in spring. When roots begin to emerge from the drainage holes or become crowded, it’s time to move it to a slightly larger pot.

Watering

Water moderately, about once a week in summer and every 10 to 15 days in winter. Allow the top 2-3 centimeters of the substrate to dry out between waterings. Preferably use room temperature, soft water.

Anthurium also enjoys ambient humidity: spray its leaves 2 to 3 times a week, especially in summer or in winter if the air is dry, or place it near a humidifier for it to thrive fully.

Fertilisation

Apply liquid fertiliser for flowering plants every 4 to 6 weeks in spring and summer. Opt for a fertiliser rich in phosphorus to stimulate flowering. Cease fertilisation in autumn and winter.

Pruning

Regularly remove yellowed or damaged leaves and faded flowers by cutting at the base of the stem. This helps stimulate the production of new leaves and flowers.

Potential Diseases and Parasitic Issues in Anthurium

Anthuriums are generally robust, but they can be susceptible to certain diseases and parasitic attacks, especially if the growing conditions are not ideal.

Common Diseases

• Root Rot: This is one of the most frequent issues, often caused by excess water or poorly drained substrate. The roots become black and soft, and the plant shows signs of wilting (yellowed, limp leaves). It is important to reduce watering and repot the plant in a more draining substrate.
• Foliar Spots (fungi and bacteria): Brown or yellow spots on the leaves may indicate a fungal or bacterial infection. Excessive humidity and poor air circulation promote these diseases. Affected leaves should be removed and direct sprays on the foliage limited. A fungicidal treatment may be necessary.
• Anthracnose: This fungal disease causes dark spots and necrotic edges on the leaves. It is favoured by excessive humidity. Remove the affected parts and use a suitable fungicidal.

Frequent Parasites

• Scale Insects: They appear as small cottony white masses or small brown shields stuck on the stems and undersides of leaves. They suck the sap from the plant, leading to general weakening. A treatment with black soap effectively eliminates them.
• Aphids: Less common, but possible, especially in warm periods. These small green or black insects colonize the young shoots. They are easily treated with sprays of soapy water.
• Red Spider Mites: These tiny mites attack the leaves forming fine webs. They cause discoloured spots and drying of the foliage. They proliferate especially in dry air. Increasing ambient humidity and spraying water on the foliage can discourage them. In case of infestation, a natural acaricide can be used.
• Thrips: These small elongated insects can deform the leaves and leave silver trails. They are combated with suitable insecticidal treatments or natural solutions like neem oil.

Prevention

• Maintain a good balance of watering, neither too dry nor too moist.
• Encourage good air circulation around the plant.
• Regularly clean the leaves with a damp cloth to avoid dust accumulation and discourage parasites.
• Quarantine any new plant before integrating it into the collection to prevent the spread of parasites.

How to Propagate an Anthurium?

Propagating Anthurium is quite straightforward and is mainly done by division of clumps or by propagation by cuttings of stems. Here are the detailed steps to successfully carry out this operation:

By division of clumps (the simplest method)

• Choose the right time: the best time to divide an Anthurium is in spring or early summer, when the plant resumes its growth.
• Remove the plant from the pot: carefully unpot the plant by holding the base of the foliage. If the roots are too tight, gently tap the sides of the pot to facilitate removal.
• Untangle the roots: gently remove the excess substrate around the roots and separate the different shoots. Anthurium naturally forms several offshoots or small shoots at the base. Simply separate these young plants with care.
• Cut cleanly: if the clumps are too tangled, use a clean and disinfected pruning shears to cut the roots, ensuring that each division has healthy roots and a few leaves.
• Repot the divisions: plant each division in a suitable pot, filled with a light and draining substrate (tropical plant potting soil, pine bark, perlite).
• Water lightly: water moderately to moisten the substrate without soaking the soil. Then place the young plants in a bright location, but without direct sunlight.

By stem cuttings (longer, but possible)

• Take a stem: cut a healthy stem carrying at least one node (area where roots and leaves originate).
• Plant in a moist substrate: place the stem in a light mix (sphagnum alone or a potting soil/perlite mix). You can also try propagation by cuttings in water, by immersing the base of the stem in a glass of clear water.
• Create a humid environment: cover the cutting with a clear plastic bag or place it under a mini-greenhouse to maintain high humidity, without the condensation touching the stem.
• Wait for rooting: place the cutting in a bright and warm location (20-25 °C). The first roots usually appear after 3 to 6 weeks.
• Repot: once the roots are well developed, you can transplant the cutting into a pot with a suitable substrate.

How to Effectively Showcase an Anthurium?

The Anthurium, with its glossy foliage and vibrant flowers, is both an elegant and modern plant that adapts to many interior styles. Its graphic silhouette and bright colours make it a true decorative asset!

What type of interior does the Anthurium thrive in?

• Modern and minimalist interiors: its sleek forms and bold colours (red, pink, white, green) bring a touch of vitality without overcrowding the space. It contrasts beautifully with white walls, raw materials like concrete or light wood.
• Tropical or bohemian atmospheres: placed among other green plants (Monstera, Pilea, Ficus…), the Anthurium enhances an urban jungle atmosphere. Its flowers add colour amidst lush foliage.
• Glamorous or sophisticated decorations: with its glossy flowers and shiny leaves, it fits perfectly in chic interiors, combining gold, marble, or deep shades like midnight blue or emerald green.
• Zen and minimalist spaces: in a simple decor, the Anthurium becomes a focal point thanks to its elegant shape and colours. Perfect for a relaxing and wellness atmosphere.

Harmoniously placed in its pot and wallpaper, or in simple decorations, the Anthurium will find its place everywhere

What style of pot to enhance it?

• Pots in smooth and glossy ceramic: a white, black, or pastel pot accentuates the natural elegance of the Anthurium and highlights its vivid colours. This choice is perfect for a modern and minimalist interior.
• Planters in natural materials: wicker, rattan, or raw terracotta enhance a natural and bohemian ambiance. This creates a pleasant contrast with the plant’s glossiness.
• Metallic pots (gold, copper, brass): ideal for a chic and refined decor, metal adds a touch of sophistication and brings out the deep green of the foliage.
• Geometric or designer pots: original shapes or graphic patterns underline the contemporary side of the plant, perfect for bolder interiors.
• Hanging planters or elevated pots: placing the Anthurium on a high stand or in a hanging planter draws attention to its flowering and adds lightness to the decor.

Decorating tips

• Pair it with mirrors or reflective surfaces to enhance the shine of its leaves.
• Create a contrast by placing it against a dark wall (charcoal grey, deep blue) to bring out its colours.
• Combine it with other plants with textured foliage to play on contrasts of shapes.