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Chaenomeles superba Crimson and Gold - Flowering Quince

Chaenomeles x superba Crimson and Gold
Japanese Quince, Flowering quince

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A vigorous and hardy bush which spreads by suckers. In March and April, single flowers of dark red with yellow stamens appear on its bare branches. They are followed by the formation of fruits that ripen in summer. Very fragrant, these small quinces can be consumed in the form of jellies. It bears thorny branches and deciduous foliage.
Flower size
4 cm
Height at maturity
1.50 m
Spread at maturity
2 m
Exposure
Sun, Partial shade
Hardiness
Hardy down to -29°C
Soil moisture
Dry soil, Moist soil
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Best planting time March, October
Recommended planting time February to April, September to November
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Flowering time March to April
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Description

Chaenomeles x speciosa 'Crimson and Gold' is a hardy variety with dark red single flowers. Its shining flowers adorned with beautiful yellow stamens announce the beginning of spring along with forsythias and winter viburnum. Its small, aromatic, yellow quinces can be prepared as jelly. It is robust and undemanding. It will always find a place in an informal hedge, hedgerow or defensive hedge. It also delights bonsai enthusiasts, and its flowering branches are magnificent in bouquets. 

 

Chaenomeles speciosa is a thorny bush of the Rosaceae family, with fairly rapid growth. 'Crimson and Gold' is a horticultural selection bred in California. It forms a bush with a slightly loose habit in its early years, then thickens and widens by developing suckers at the base. Its branches are dense, somewhat bushy, and will reach about 1.5m (5ft) in height and 2m (7ft) in width by the age of 10. Its flowering extends from late March to May, for 3 to 4 weeks. The fragrant flowers reach 3 to 5cm (1 to 2in) in diameter. They are composed of 5 petals that overlap to form a hollow cup. Each flower partially opens, revealing a heart full of yellow stamens. The flowers are borne on very short, or even absent, pedicels, and they are grouped in 3 to 5 on the previous year's branches. The leaves develop just after the flowers. They are coppery at bud burst and are narrow to lanceolate, 3 to 9cm (1 to 4in) long and 1.5 to 5cm (1 to 2in) wide, with a beautiful shiny dark green on their upper surface. The flowering is followed by the formation of small quinces, 5 to 6cm (2in) in size. The fruit is initially green, before turning yellow and aromatic at maturity. They are edible after cooking. 

Japanese quinces, like Forsythias, Abeliophyllum, and Japanese kerrias, are among the first to provide beautiful spring flowers, so eagerly awaited after a long winter. They are comfortable in all climates, as they are not afraid of heat or cold. They can be grown both in isolation and in flower beds. 'Crimson and Gold' can be used as a hedge, in the company of fragrant shrubs such as winter honeysuckle (Lonicera fragrantissima) that precedes it, rugosa roses and white lilacs that will take over its flowering, and buddleias to follow. It can also be trained against a wall, near the house, combined with a winter jasmine, to be enjoyed with each passing.

Uses, properties:

An extract called cananga essence is obtained from the fruit, not to be confused with the one derived from Cananga odorata, the Ylang-ylang. The bitter and astringent raw fruits are unfit for consumption as they are. However, once cooked, they are edible and can be used to make jellies or preserves. In Chinese medicine, dried fruits are used, among other things, for their anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, analgesic, and liver-protective properties.

Plant habit

Height at maturity 1.50 m
Spread at maturity 2 m
Habit Irregular, bushy
Growth rate normal

Flowering

Flower colour red
Flowering time March to April
Flower size 4 cm
Bee-friendly Attracts pollinators
Good for cut flowers Cut flower blooms
Fruit colour yellow

Foliage

Foliage persistence Deciduous
Foliage colour medium green

Botanical data

Genus

Chaenomeles

Species

x superba

Cultivar

Crimson and Gold

Family

Rosaceae

Other common names

Japanese Quince, Flowering quince

Origin

Cultivar or hybrid

Product reference19004

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Planting and care

Chaenomeles x superba 'Crimson and Gold' thrives in the sun. You can also grow it in partial shade, in sunnier regions. Plant it in ordinary, moist but well-drained soil. It also tolerates limestone. It is a very easy plant to grow. When planting, mix your soil with compost. When grown as a hedge, space the plants 80cm (32in) apart. In a flower bed, the plants should be spaced 40 to 60cm (16 to 24in) apart. This Japanese quince is resistant to pollution. It requires little watering as it is drought-resistant.

Planting period

Best planting time March, October
Recommended planting time February to April, September to November

Intended location

Suitable for Meadow, Woodland edge
Type of use Border, Free-standing, Hedge
Hardiness Hardy down to -29°C (USDA zone 5) Show map
Ease of cultivation Amateur
Planting density 1 per m2
Exposure Sun, Partial shade
Soil pH Any
Soil type Clayey-chalky (heavy and alkaline), Silty-loamy (rich and light), Stony (poor and well-drained)
Soil moisture Dry soil, Moist soil, well-drained

Care

Pruning instructions Prune lightly in June after flowering. Cut the shoots that have bloomed just above the lower branching or an eye. This will maintain a compact habit. On trained bushes, prune the branches to a few eyes of the main branch in May.
Pruning Pruning recommended once a year
Pruning time May to July
Soil moisture Dry soil, Moist soil
Disease resistance Good
Overwinter Can be left in the ground

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