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Nerium oleander Giallo Semplice

Nerium oleander Giallo Semplice
Oleander, Rose Bay, East Indian Oleander, Jamaica South Sea Rose, Sweet-scented Oleander

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This evergreen bush is a beautiful shrub with a dense habit, boasting long and abundant flowering in a soft and fresh yellow. Its single flowers bloom from June to October, provided the soil remains moist. This true Mediterranean plant, both voluble and undemanding, charming and tough, naturally thrives in mild climates: floriferous, easy to cultivate in well-drained soil, resistant to drought and unaffected by sea spray, it is comfortable everywhere and displays a beautiful foliage in a dark green with a touch of ash, ornamental all year round. Sensitive to cold in its early years, once well established, it can withstand short frosts of around -8/-10°C (17.6/14°F). Ideal in a garden without watering or by the seaside.
Flower size
6 cm
Height at maturity
3 m
Spread at maturity
2.50 m
Exposure
Sun, Partial shade
Hardiness
Hardy down to -6°C
Soil moisture
Dry soil, Moist soil
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Best planting time April to May
Recommended planting time February to May
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Flowering time June to September
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Description

The Yellow Single Oleander is a descendant of Nerium oleander, a vigorous evergreen bush emblematic of Mediterranean gardens. This particular variety, particularly floriferous, produces simple flowers of a soft and fresh yellow shade continuously from June to October if the soil remains moist. They are grouped in generous clusters, highlighted by an elegant dark green foliage, attractive even outside of flowering. Undemanding, easy to grow in any well-drained soil, resistant to sea spray as well as drought, its only weakness is its rather mediocre hardiness, especially in its early years. Planting it in the ground should be reserved for regions that do not experience excessively cold winters. It forms large elegant and multicoloured hedges when combined with other varieties and thrives in a large pot on the terrace, balcony, or even in a small garden throughout the summer.

The numerous cultivars of oleander available on the horticultural market are most often hybrids between the Nerium oleander subsp. oleander, spontaneously found around the Mediterranean, and the highly fragrant Nerium oleander subsp. indicum, found from Iran to China. Their flowers are single, double, or even triple and come in an almost infinite range of colours, from white to pink, yellow and salmon, red, and even purple. Only the blue hue is absent.

Nerium oleander is an evergreen bush of the Apocynaceae family, just like periwinkles or the false jasmine (Trachelospermum jasminoides). The 'Yellow Single' cultivar is particularly floriferous, naturally forming a bush with a dense and bushy habit, branching near the base, with a generally rounded shape. Vigorous, it will reach an average height of 3.50 m (11ft) with a spread of 3 m (10ft) at maturity, with rapid growth. Its flexible branches, covered with a grey bark, bear long persistent leaves, thick and leathery, with a slightly bluish green colour and a lighter underside. They measure 10 to 15 cm (4 to 6in) in length and 3 cm (1in) in width. In case of intense drought, the Nerium sheds some of its leaves, the oldest ones, those located near the base of the stems. Flowering occurs in spring and again from late summer to autumn, or continuously from spring to autumn depending on the climate, lasting for 4 to 5 months in moist soil. The flowers are composed of a tube that opens into 5 pale yellow petals and are accompanied by thin and turbinate buds. They are arranged in corymbs, mainly at the terminal part of branches that are 1 or 2 years old. This nectar-rich and honey-producing flowering is followed by the formation of long pods that burst open when ripe, releasing a multitude of small seeds with a cluster of white bristles, dispersed by the wind. Be careful not to prune the oleander too severely: only stems that have reached a certain length bear flowers!

A symbol of resilience and generosity, Nerium oleander is an excellent hedge plant by the sea but also a magnificent specimen to plant in isolated hot locations. Hardy down to -8/-10°C (17.6/14°F) once well established, it will grow without any problems in any ordinary but well-drained soil. It can also be used as a hedge, by regularly pruning it, in combination with other evergreen shrubs such as the Portugal laurel, Elaeagnus ebbingei, Mexican orange, myrtles, Pittosporum tobira, and even Grevillea. In mild climates, it can be trained as a small tree by initially selecting the best stem and allowing it to grow to 1.50 or 2 m (5 or 7ft) from the ground before letting it branch out. The resulting specimens are particularly ornamental but require a very mild winter that will not cause them to be cut back to the ground: it would be a shame if severe frost were to destroy several years of work in just a few hours! On the terrace, it will stand out in a large pot, alongside citrus trees, Grevillea, and other oleanders. This cultivation method allows the tree to be stored in a very bright, cool but frost-free room in our very cold regions.

The genus name, Nerium, is believed to come from its ancient Greek name, Nerion, derived from Nereus, a sea god in Greek mythology. Another interpretation links Nerium to neros, which means moist in Greek. The underlying liquid element in these two interpretations is probably explained by the fact that the wild oleander never grows far from water. Its long roots anchor deep into the ground to draw in freshness, even on the slopes of gorges or in the beds of dried-up rivers. Proof of its incredible drought resistance, in arid regions such as the Negev in Israel or the south of the Anti-Atlas in Morocco, the Nerium oleander is one of the few shrubs, along with acacias and retama (a type of broom), capable of facing the desert, rooted in the walls of ravines.

Plant habit

Height at maturity 3 m
Spread at maturity 2.50 m
Habit Irregular, bushy
Growth rate fast

Flowering

Flower colour yellow
Flowering time June to September
Inflorescence Corymb
Flower size 6 cm
Fragrance slightly scented
Bee-friendly Attracts pollinators
Fruit colour green

Foliage

Foliage persistence Evergreen
Foliage colour green

Safety measures

Potential risks Plant may be toxic if swallowed

Botanical data

Genus

Nerium

Species

oleander

Cultivar

Giallo Semplice

Family

Apocynaceae

Other common names

Oleander, Rose Bay, East Indian Oleander, Jamaica South Sea Rose, Sweet-scented Oleander

Origin

Cultivar or hybrid

Product reference871091

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Planting and care

We recommend planting oleander in spring, when there is no longer any risk of frost, in cool regions, but preferably in early autumn in hot and dry climates. Place it in a very sunny and sheltered location, or in partial shade in hot climates, in a deep, well-drained soil, even limestone.  If it even grows in the shade, it will be much less floriferous and its habit will take on a more awkward, less dense appearance. Although it is very resistant to drought and can tolerate arid conditions, it will only reach its full potential and flower abundantly in a soil that is sufficiently moist in depth. It is highly resistant to sea spray. Monitor watering during the first two summers. It will appreciate a compost addition and a thick layer of dead leaves, especially during the first two winters in regions on the edge of hardiness limits. Watering should be done at the base of the plant, never on the foliage.

Pruning the Yellow single oleander requires some care: the bush only flowers on young branches that have reached a certain length (generally stems less than 1 year old, not too short), so it is necessary not to cut back the entire branches in the same year, otherwise it will be deprived of flowers for the whole season. When necessary, pruning should be done in early spring. When training Nerium on a stem, choose the most beautiful stem on the young plant, stake it and remove all the others at ground level. During the first few years, all secondary shoots that emerge from this 'trunk' within 1-1.50m (3-5ft) of the ground should be systematically removed. The crown will then be treated according to the method described above.

 

Nerium is often attacked by scale insects, resulting in the appearance of sooty mold on the foliage. Thin and ventilate the branches. Treat if necessary with copper (Bordeaux mixture) in spring. If the scale infestation is very severe, cut your oleander back to 10-20cm (4-8in) from the ground: its ability to regenerate from the stump is significant, and the bush will regain its beautiful appearance in no time. Aphids can also settle on the flower buds: treat in the evening with an insecticide containing pyrethrin.

Oleander is also famous for the toxicity of its sap; we should remind here that it has a violent flavour, so bitter and acrid that few unfortunate tasters are able to ingest a sufficient quantity for it to become lethal, especially since they have an irresistible urge to run and rinse their mouth! Most accidents come from confusion between oleander and bay laurel in cooking (the aroma of bay laurel is nevertheless recognizable among all), or from using branches as skewers for kebabs…

Propagation by cuttings of young shoot sections, just after flowering or at the beginning of summer. A branch placed in a bottle of water will easily produce white and fragile roots. When planting in soil, in a pot filled with light potting soil, some precautions should be taken to avoid breaking the roots. Gradually wean the cutting off water by transitioning from a substrate saturated with water to one that is simply kept moist. Transplant into the ground in the following spring, or even in late summer of the following year in mild climates.

Planting period

Best planting time April to May
Recommended planting time February to May

Intended location

Suitable for Meadow, Woodland edge, Pond edge
Type of use Border, Back of border, Free-standing, Container, Hedge, Greenhouse
Hardiness Hardy down to -6°C (USDA zone 9a) Show map
Ease of cultivation Amateur
Planting density 1 per m2
Exposure Sun, Partial shade
Soil pH Any
Soil type Chalky (poor, alkaline and well-drained), Silty-loamy (rich and light), Stony (poor and well-drained)
Soil moisture Dry soil, Moist soil, Ordinary but deep and fertile soil

Care

Pruning instructions Pruning the oleander requires some precautions: the bush only blooms on young branches that have reached a certain length (generally the stems less than 1 year old, not too short), so it is necessary not to cut back the entire canopy in the same year, or else you will be deprived of flowers for the entire season. When pruning is necessary, it should be done in early spring. When training Nerium as a standard, choose the most beautiful stem on the young plant, stake it, and remove all other stems at ground level. During the first few years, all secondary branches that emerge from this 'trunk' within 1m (3ft) or 1.50m (5ft) from the ground should be systematically removed. The crown will then be treated according to the method described above.
Pruning Pruning recommended once a year
Pruning time March
Soil moisture Dry soil, Moist soil
Disease resistance Average
Overwinter Can be left in the ground

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